For
the first time mention the stone buildings of the Archbishop's
Chambers near to the Nativity Cathedral
in accounts of the great fire of 1577. The extremely complex
ensemble, which we can see today, consists of buildings
erected between the fifteenth and eighteenth centuries.
The oldest section is the Bishop's Palace in the Southeast
corner dating back to the late fifteenth century.
The present north wing of the block facing the Cathedral's
west portal stands on the site of the former Church of John
Theologos built in 1528.
In 1559 the bishop's private chapel was erected to the west
of the palace, with a refectory, an attractive Church porch
and, something rarely found in the architecture of central
Russia, two intersecting double-sloped roofs giving a gable
on each of the four sides, similar to those found in Novgorod
and Pskov Churches of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.
At the end of the seventeenth century the old buildings
of the bishop's palace were incorporated into the new, larger
Archbishop's Chambers erected for the Suzdal Metropolitan
Illarion between 1682 and 1707. The front of the main building
with its wide windows decorated with elaborate surrounds
faced on to the Cathedral courtyard and was closely linked
with the Cathedral, both architecturally and functionally.
The main entrance to the palace, crowned by a tiny tent-shaped
spire decorated with greenish-turquoise tiles, is situated
directly opposite the west portal of the Cathedral. Two
broad ceremonial flights of steps lead up to the large vestibule
on the first floor through which the visitor passed into
a vast hall without pillars, the main reception hall known
as the Cross Chamber (Krestovaya Palata). The hall's
vaulted ceiling was removed in 1874. The area beyond this
chamber was taken up by a number of rooms used for various
domestic purposes. The ground floor, also vaulted, was used
for storage, and service rooms.
In the eighteenth century the old bishop's refectory Church
was joined to the main building of the palace. In order
to get an idea of what the palace originally looked like
one must imagine it with steep, hip roofs instead of the
present flat roof which makes the building look somewhat
like a barracks. Alexey Varganov's detailed study and restoration
work on the Archbishop's Chambers, completed in 1951, enabled
him to reconstruct its original appearance.
Inside the Chambers now is situated an "museum exposition"
by "the
Vladimir and Suzdal museum-reserve". This exposition
consist an original sacred subjects from the Nativity Cathedral.
There are: an icons, a books of gospel, a cloths, a bells,
a gate... Probably, our society in general and management
of the Museum in particular, do not understand disgrace
of this fact.
We must also say a word about those sections of the Kremlin
ensemble which have not survived. The bell-tower was originally
linked with the second floor of the palace by a gallery
supported by brick pillars. All that remains of this passage
today is the portal on the southeast corner of the Chambers.
The gallery bent around the west and north sides of the
bell-tower and led to the Metropolitan's small private Chapel
of the Annunciation, erected next to the tower. A tall porch
decorated with niches and tiles ran from the gallery to
the courtyard below directly opposite the south portal of
the Cathedral. Thus the seventeenth-century architects were
constantly concerned to link their buildings with the old
Cathedral, seeing them as parts of a single, harmonious
whole. The system of connecting separate buildings by means
of galleries and passages raised on pillars is typical of
early Russian domestic architecture, as we can see in the
twelfth-century palace at Bogolyubovo.